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mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA function | Types of RNA
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TRANSCRIPT
Thanks for stopping by, this is 2 minute classroom and today we are talking about RNA, specifically mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA.
Let’s start with mRNA or messenger RNA, so named because it acts as the messenger between DNA and protein production. And if you want to know the differences between RNA and DNA, I have a great video for that linked here and in the description.
When you discuss RNA in school, you are usually learning about mRNA. During transcription, DNA is “transcribed” into mRNA. This mRNA is then translated into protein. It serves as the genetic template of a protein since the DNA can’t leave the nucleus.
Next, we have tRNA or transfer RNA. This is my personal favorite and honestly one of the most fascinating molecules in genetics. RNA is generally singlestranded, but tRNA actually folds back onto itself to form a distinct “t” like shape. Without going too deep, transfer RNA is responsible for bringing amino acids together during translation to form the growing peptide chain that will become a protein.
Last but not least is rRNA or Ribosomal RNA. This RNA is a main component of ribosomes, which I have discussed in a previous video. rRNA combines with special proteins to form ribosomes which then “read” mRNA to form proteins. There was a lot in that sentence, so feel free to jump back and listen again if you need to. But essentially, ribosomes contain rRNA and help build proteins.
To bring it all together, sections of DNA are transcribed into mRNA, which is brought from the nucleus to the ribosome (composed of rRNA and protein) the mRNA is then read by the ribosome, which brings the tRNA in with the appropriate amino acids to build whatever protein the mRNA is a template for. It gets much more complicated, but that is a video for another time.
Now watch these related videos and hit that like button. Let’s see how quickly we can get 100 likes on this video.
Thanks for watching, and I’ll catch you next time.
mRNA Translation (Basic)
Originally created for DNA Interactive ( http://www.dnai.org ).\r
TRANSCRIPT: When the RNA copy is complete, it snakes out into the outer part of the cell. Then in a dazzling display of choreography, all the components of a molecular machine lock together around the RNA to form a miniature factory called a ribosome. It translates the genetic information in the RNA into a string of amino acids that will become a protein. Special transfer molecules, the green triangles, bring each amino acid to the ribosome. The amino acids are the small red tips attached to the transfer molecules. There are different transfer molecules for each of the twenty amino acids. Each transfer molecule carries a three letter code that is matched with the RNA in the machine. Now we come to the heart of the process. Inside the ribosome, the RNA is pulled through like a tape. The code for each amino acid is read off, three letters at a time, and matched to three corresponding letters on the transfer molecules. When the right transfer molecule plugs in, the amino acid it carries is added to the growing protein chain. Again, you are watching this in real time. And after a few seconds the assembled protein starts to emerge from the ribosome. Ribosomes can make any kind of protein. It just depends what genetic message you feed in on the RNA. In this case, the end product is hemoglobin. The cells in our bone marrow churn out a hundred trillion molecules of it per second! And as a result, our muscles, brain and all the vital organs in our body receive the oxygen they need.
Vậy vắc-xin mRNA là gì?
An mRNA vaccine is a safe and effective way to protect your body from COVID19. Learn more at coronavirus.utah.gov.
mRNA Splicing
NDSU Virtual Cell Animations Project animation ‘mRNA Splicing’. For more information please see http://vcell.ndsu.edu/animations\r
\r
Before being used in translation, mRNA must be spliced. During splicing, introns are removed and the translatable exons that remain are spliced into a single strand of mRNA.
How the COVID-19 vaccines were created so quickly – Kaitlyn Sadtler and Elizabeth Wayne
Discover how mRNA vaccines help your immune system fight viral infections and how this decadesold technology was used to create COVID19 vaccines.
In the 20th century, most vaccines took over a decade to research, test, and produce. But the vaccines for COVID19 were cleared for emergency use in less than 11 months. The secret behind this speed is a medical technology that’s been developing for decades: the mRNA vaccine. So how do these revolutionary vaccines work? Kaitlyn Sadtler and Elizabeth Wayne dig into the science of mRNA technology.
Lesson by Kaitlyn Sadtler and Elizabeth Wayne, directed by Igor Ćorić, Artrake Studio.
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