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Retrovirus Replication 3D Animation
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The example used is the HIV Lentivirus. This video does a great job describing \”complex\” retrovirus transcription in a visually appealing way that is sufficient in detail for upper level coursework and possibly graduate coursework.
Modes of action for some antiviral drugs are also described.
NOTE: The viral genome in the form of DNA stays in the cell’s chromosome! This is the predominant reason for the persistence of retroviral infections.
Lec 11: The Biology of Cancer (Oncogene detection)
4 questions are answered regarding role of ERV (endogenous retrovirus) induction to human cancer. Detection of nonviral oncogene segments in human is also explained in this video. three medium of oncogene regulations is mentioned (transcriptional set of host replaced by virus/ CNV and mutation).
How a Proto Oncogene Becomes an Oncogene
How a Proto Oncogene Becomes an Oncogene
Types of oncogene
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This video demonstrates about the different types of oncogene and their activation.
An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer.[1] In tumor cells, they are often mutated or expressed at high levels.[2]Most normal cells undergo a programmed form of death (apoptosis). Activated oncogenes can cause those cells that ought to die to survive and proliferate instead.[3] Most oncogenes require an additional step, such as mutations in another gene, or environmental factors, such as viral infection, to cause cancer. Since the 1970s, dozens of oncogenes have been identified in human cancer. Many cancer drugs target the proteins encoded by oncogenes.
A protooncogene is a normal gene that can become an oncogene due to mutations or increased expression. The resultant protein may be termed an oncoprotein.[11] Protooncogenes code for proteins that help to regulate cell growth and differentiation. Protooncogenes are often involved in signal transduction and execution of mitogenic signals, usually through their protein products. Upon activation, a protooncogene (or its product) becomes a tumorinducing agent, an oncogene.[12] Examples of protooncogenes include RAS, WNT, MYC, ERK, and TRK. The MYC gene is implicated in Burkitt’s Lymphoma, which starts when a chromosomal translocation moves an enhancer sequence within the vicinity of the MYC gene. The MYC gene codes for widely used transcription factors. When the enhancer sequence is wrongly placed, these transcription factors are produced at much higher rates. Another example of an oncogene is the BcrAbl gene found on the Philadelphia Chromosome, a piece of genetic material seen in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia caused by the translocation of pieces from chromosomes 9 and 22. BcrAbl codes for a receptor tyrosine kinase, which is constitutively active, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation.
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